Abstract

Provable security is an important research area in modern cryptography. Cryptographic primitives or protocols without a rigorous proof cannot be regarded as secure even in practice. In fact, there are many schemes that were originally thought as secure but eventually broken, which clearly indicates the need of formal security assurance. With provable security, we are confident in using cryptographic schemes and protocols in various real-world applications. Meanwhile, schemes with provable security sometimes give only theoretical feasibility rather than a practical construction, and correctness of the proofs may be difficult to verify.